The Perennial 'Reopening' Mirage
THE ACTORS: Who benefits from controlled humanitarian access? The primary actors in the management of the Rafah crossing are the Israeli government, specifically its Ministry of Defense and COGAT (Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories), and the Egyptian government, represented by its intelligence services and border authorities. Other influencing bodies include international
organizations such as the United Nations, often tasked with facilitating aid, and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that provide support to Palestinians. The current governing authority in Gaza, Hamas, also plays a role in internal coordination but possesses no sovereign authority over the crossing itself. The United States, through its diplomatic and financial aid, exerts consistent
pressure, particularly regarding Egyptian cooperation on border security. THE FUNDING: Whose money reinforces the status quo? The status quo is financially underpinned by multiple streams. The Israeli government allocates significant funds to its border security apparatus. Critically, Egypt receives substantial military aid from the United States, amounting to approximately $1.3 billion annually
since 1987 (CRS, 2023). This aid, ostensibly for regional stability and counter-terrorism, directly or indirectly supports Egypt's capacity to control its border with Gaza, aligning its interests with maintaining a degree of Israeli security concerns. Donor nations and international organizations, including the EU and UNRWA, collectively provide billions in humanitarian and development aid to